Abstract
The transportation sector is one of the main contributor of emissions such as carbon dioxide and methane. For this reason, the electrification of transportation can reduce environmental pollution and traffic congestion by decreasing private car use. Additionally, expanding public transportation have increased usage of urban transport, making the resilience of these systems crucial. In this context, this study contains the electric bus parking lots (EBPLs) that are equipped with photovoltaic (PV) panels and energy storage systems (ESS) into the railway system. These EBPLs are also spaces where customers using the rail station can park their electric cars. With the proposed model, electric vehicles (EVs) can be charged using Regenerative Braking Energy (RBE) from railway systems and also support the load required by metro stations in case of a grid outage. Furthermore, the model is supported by PVs and ESSs to reduce cost of EBPL and line losses while also maximizing resilience of railway system. The suggested framework is modeled with mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) and different scenarios are compared to present an optimal energy management strategy (EMS).