Abstract
With the accelerating effects of globalization, international trade and travel demands have substantially increased, resulting in a significant rise in air traffic density. This growing traffic volume has made air traffic management (ATM) processes more complex, amplifying the likelihood of collisions and human errors, and thereby placing flight safety at the forefront of aviation priorities. In this context, this study proposes a fuzzy-based safety analysis approach that consists of Decomposed Fuzzy Sets (DFSs) and Z-numbers for ATM systems. DFSs offer a refined mechanism for modeling uncertainties in risk evaluations, while Z-numbers facilitate the simultaneous representation of both the degree of uncertainty and the reliability of the associated information. Furthermore, the proposed approach integrates these representations into Functional Hazard Assessment (FHA) and Fault Tree Analysis (FTA), two well-established safety analysis techniques in aviation, in order to enhance the reliability of hazard identification and risk quantification. The integration of these approaches is expected to facilitate a more comprehensive and realistic framework for safety analysis, ultimately supporting decision-makers in managing risks more effectively under conditions of high traffic complexity.