Journal Article

·2025 OPEN ACCESS

A Hybrid IVFF-AHP and Deep Reinforcement Learning Framework for an ATM Location and Routing Problem

Bahar Yalçın Kavuş YTU , Kübra Yazıcı YTU , Alev Taşkın Gümüş YTU , Tolga Kudret Karaca

Applied Sciences

Abstract

The impact of alternative distribution channels, such as bank Automated Teller Machines (ATMs), on the financial industry is growing due to technological advancements. Investing in ideal locations is critical for new ATM companies. Due to the many factors to be evaluated, this study addresses the problem of determining the best location for ATMs to be deployed in Istanbul districts by utilizing the multi-criteria decision-making framework. Furthermore, the advantages of fuzzy logic are used to convert expert opinions into mathematical expressions and incorporate them into decision-making processes. For the first time in the literature, a model has been proposed for ATM location selection, integrating clustering and the interval-valued Fermatean fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (IVFF-AHP). With the proposed methodology, the districts of Istanbul are first clustered to find the risky ones. Then, the most suitable alternative location in this district is determined using IVFF-AHP. After deciding the ATM locations with IVFF-AHP, in the last step, a Double Deep Q-Network Reinforcement Learning model is used to optimize the Cash in Transit (CIT) vehicle route. The study results reveal that the proposed approach provides stable, efficient, and adaptive routing for real-world CIT operations.

Keywords

Reinforcement learning Computer science Computer network Artificial intelligence

Subject Areas

Optimization and Search Problems ·Computer Networks and Communications ·Physical Sciences
Mobile Agent-Based Network Management ·Computer Networks and Communications ·Physical Sciences
Advanced Manufacturing and Logistics Optimization ·Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering ·Physical Sciences

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