Emboli Detection by machine learning algorithms using multi-level feature extraction

Abstract

In real world, data understanding involves finding relationship between dependent and independents events, and usually this data is embedded in the form of images, audio, videos, speech, text and much more and to extract useful and representative information, feature extraction and representation is a front-end step. For machine learning algorithms, feature extraction is a preprocessing technique that helps in finding the relationship between different variables. In biomedical signal analysis such as cerebral emboli signal detection, feature extraction from samples constitutes an important step. In this paper, we performed two step feature extraction procedure. First we extracted Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC) and biologically inspired Gamma-tone Cepstral Coefficients from Doppler signals. Second we extracted kurtosis and skewness parameters from all the Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients and Gamma-tone Cepstral Coefficients coefficients. To gain the understanding of extracted features from Doppler signals, we trained some machine learning algorithms such as k-nearest neighbors, support vector machines and logistic regression. GTCC based kurtosis and skewness features show better classification between emboli, artifact signals and Doppler speckle signals. We present evaluation results using confusion matrix for classification between emboli signals (ES), Doppler speckle (DS) and artifact signals (AS).