Energy Management Strategy for a Microgrid Including All-in-One Electric Vehicle Station, Renewable Energy and Demand Response

Abstract

Energy consumption in residential areas and transportation sector constitutes an important part of the global energy demand. Moreover, a large part of these energy demands is met from fossil resources. Recently, microgrid structures with renewable energy source (RES) have gained popularity. In this study, an optimum energy management strategy for a microgrid in which there are photovoltaic system, wind energy, flexible, loads, load serving entity (LSE), inelastic loads, and an all-in-one electric vehicle (EV) station (AiOEVS) that can serve plug-in EVs (PEVs), EVs with swappable battery (EVSB), and fuel cell EVs (FCEVs) is proposed. AiOEVS is equipped with a hydrogen tank and an integrated electrolyzer. Also, flexible loads in the microgrid are controlled within the scope of a demand response (DR) program to provide operational flexibility. In the study, the model that aims to minimize the total microgrid operation cost is handled with the mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) method. Test results prove the effectiveness of the proposed structure for economic operation.