Abstract
This chapter examines the impact of digital platforms on the labor market from the perspectives of feminist economics, migration sociology, and digital labor studies. Using case studies, a comparison between Western and Eastern Europe is made, highlighting how platform work creates unequal levels of insecurity and protection across the EU. While Western Europe exhibits stronger integration and regulatory mechanisms, Eastern European countries are characterized by limited social security coverage and weaker trade union presence. We see that greater dependency continues to characterize platform revenues. We explore how algorithmic management systems and AI-enabled decision-making processes shape workers' autonomy, oversight and exposure to bias. In this context, we explain how emerging regulatory frameworks aim to ensure fairness, transparency and accountability. It also focuses on grassroots and collaborative initiatives that offer alternative models emphasizing democratic governance, shared ownership and solidarity-based innovation.
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