The functional and spatial transformation in the Golden Horn

Abstract

Istanbul is the only city in the world that spreads over two continents: it lies at a point where Asia and Europe are separated by a narrow strait. It has been the capital of three great empires, the Roman, Byzantine and Ottoman empires. The Golden Horn is an estuary dividing the city of Istanbul. The name Golden Horn is both a symbol of fertility because of the fertile lands on its shores, the fresh water of the streams and a reference to its shape. Throughout history the Golden Horn has been an important center where the economic, cultural, social and military activities of the historical city took place. It has also played an important role in the development of the city.