Abstract
The article examines the importance of the North Caucasian diaspora as a factor in the Soviet-Turkish relations within the period 1919-1921. It presents part of the activities of the diaspora members, who occupied high-ranked positions in the Grand National Assembly of Turkey, Ankara Government or were serious factors in the Turkish War of Independence. Therefore, their value both for Turkey and for Soviet Russia made them a part of the political games for supremacy in the Soviet-Turkish cooperation, which experienced moments of setback and mutual mistrust. The utilisation of the North Caucasian diaspora sentiments and aspirations towards the original motherland was well used to exert political pressure and to open possibilities for realisation of the political aims of Ankara or Moscow. The current article considers two main directions of activities of the diaspora, which had an impact on the Soviet-Turkish relations: 1. Diplomatic activities, supporting the independence of the newly established Mountainous Republic in North Caucasus; 2. Activities, related to participation in the communist movement in Anatolia. To what extent these activities were a self-initiative or a well-prepared political plan is to be discussed as well.